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Seasonal affective disorder (SAD), also known as winter depression, winter blues, summer depression, summertime sadness, or seasonal depression, is a mood disorder subset in which people who have normal mental health throughout most of the year experience depressive symptoms in the winter or summer.〔Ivry, Sara (August 13, 2002). (Seasonal Depression can Accompany Summer Sun ). ''The New York Times''. Retrieved September 6, 2008〕 In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV and DSM-5, its status was changed. It is no longer classified as a unique mood disorder but is now a specifier called with seasonal pattern for recurrent major depressive disorder that occurs at a specific time of the year and fully remits otherwise. Although experts were initially skeptical, this condition is now recognized as a common disorder.〔Friedman, Richard A. (December 18, 2007) (Brought on by Darkness, Disorder Needs Light ). ''New York Times’’.〕 SAD's prevalence in the U.S. ranges from 1.4% in Florida to 9.9% in Alaska. The U.S. National Library of Medicine notes that "some people experience a serious mood change when the seasons change. They may sleep too much, have little energy, and may also feel depressed. Though symptoms can be severe, they usually clear up." The condition in the summer can include heightened anxiety.〔(Seasonal affective disorder (SAD): Symptoms ). MayoClinic.com (September 22, 2011). Retrieved on March 24, 2013.〕 SAD was formally described and named in 1984 by Norman E. Rosenthal and colleagues at the National Institute of Mental Health.〔Marshall, Fiona. Cheevers, Peter (2003). "Positive options for Seasonal Affective Disorder", p. 77. Hunter House, Alameda, Calif. ISBN 0-89793-413-X.〕 There are many treatments for classic (winter-based) seasonal affective disorder. ==Signs and symptoms== Symptoms of SAD may consist of difficulty waking up in the morning, nausea, tendency to oversleep and over eat, especially a craving for carbohydrates, which leads to weight gain. Other symptoms include a lack of energy, difficulty concentrating on or completing tasks, withdrawal from friends, family, and social activities, and decreased sex drive. All of this leads to depression, pessimistic feelings of hopelessness, and lack of pleasure which characterize a person suffering from this disorder. People who experience spring and summer depression show symptoms of classic depression including insomnia, anxiety, irritability, decreased appetite, weight gain or loss, social withdrawal, and decreased sex drive.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「seasonal affective disorder」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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